Variables and Types

Variables allow us to store information such as numbers, words, or true/false expressions. A variable can be thought of as a box that stores information inside. In Java, variables are composed of three things: a name, type, and value.

Primitive Types

In Java we must specify what type of information we want our variables to hold. You must always give your variable a type before naming it, and specifying the value it holds. (Ex. int myVariable = 10;)

Here are some of the primitive types found in Java:

Numeric Type:

As seen above, primitive numeric types in Java include both integers and doubles.

Integers are whole numbers, or counting numbers. (Ex. -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

In Java we declare an integer using int before the variable name. Here are a couple of examples:

int itemsInStore = 10; 

int numberOfMessages = 8;

doubles are like integers, but can have decimals. (Ex. -54.34, 90.21, 0.1223)

In Java we declare a double using double before the variable name. Here are a couple of examples:

double costOfApple = 1.24;

double milesToRun = 5.64;

Char Type:

Characters represent a single character.

In Java we declare a character using char before the variable name. We also use single quotes to identify a character (Ex. 'A'). Here are a couple of examples:

char currentGrade = 'A';

char favoriteLetter = 'W';

Boolean Type:

Booleans are variables that hold a true or a false value.

In Java we declare a boolean using boolean before the variable name. Here are a couple of examples:

boolean passedCalculus = true;

boolean hasDog = false;

String Type:

Strings are variables that hold text. Strings are not a primitive type, so you must declare them using String with a capital S. Unlike characters, we need to use double quotes when assigning strings (Ex. "This is my string."). Here are a couple of examples:

String fishName = "Dog";

String myUniversity = "Arizona State University";

Naming Variables

Giving your variables meaningful names throughout your code is very important. Proper variable names allow others to easily read and understand your code. A good way to name your variables is to give them as descriptive of a name as possible, without making it too long. For example, int numberOfApplesOnTheTree = 10; is a very long name, and can easily be replaced with a name like int numApples = 10;.

Variable Naming Conventions:

• Variable names must start with a letter, $ symbol, or _ symbol.
• Variable names are case sensitive so myVariable is different than MyVariable
• Variable names, after the first character, can contain letters, numbers, or other characters.

Here are some examples of different variable names: